SadiAVR - System for Autism Diagnostic Assistance with Virtual Reality

Authors

  • Enzo Bucchi Oliveira Silva Universidade do Oeste Paulista
  • Andrea Sayuri Murata Universidade do Oeste Paulista
  • Armênio Alcântara Ribeiro Universidade do Oeste Paulista
  • Robson August Siscoutto Universidade do Oeste Paulista

Keywords:

Virtual Reality, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diagnosis, Technology.

Abstract

 The use of interactive technologies employing Virtual Reality (VR) in support of mental health patients has been significantly expanded and appreciated. This is due to the positive outcomes observed, such as more effective and cost-efficient treatments, as well as the diverse data that can be collected to better understand these individuals. However, research and studies on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are still relatively recent. It is known that early diagnosis significantly enhances the efficiency of treatment and patient development. In this context, a tool specifically aiding in the diagnosis of autism is deemed necessary. In light of this, this work presents a computer application utilizing VR and Computer Vision to assist professionals in diagnosing patients with ASD. The virtual environments were evaluated by the project researcher using a specific usability questionnaire, along with a System Usability Scale (SUS), resulting in a final average score of 4.63 out of 5.0. This score indicates its suitability for future use with real patients. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ACM DIGITAL LIBRARY. About the ACM Digital Library. 2019. Disponível em: https://dlnext.acm.org/about. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2023.

AGÊNCIA BRASIL. Aplicativo educacional ABC Autismo. 1 nov. 2015. Disponível em: https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/pesquisa-e-inovacao/noticia/2015-11/aplicativo-educacional-abc-autismo-tem-quase-40-mil-downloads. Acesso em: 28 nov. 2022.

ALVES, J. H. R.; ARCANJO, F. P. N.; DOS SANTOS, M. D.; DE CARVALHO, C. S. C.; ARCANJO, C. C. Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infants: A Review on Predictors, Early Markers, and Diagnostic Tests. International Journal of Medical Reviews, v. 8, n. 1, p. 32-44, 2021.

AMA - ASSOCIAÇÃO DE AMIGOS DO AUTISTA. Diagnóstico e características clínicas, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.ama.org.br/site/autismo/diagnostico/. Acesso em: 28 out. 2022.

ANDREOU, G.; RAXIONI, K. Language development, reading and word learning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a review on eye tracking studies. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, v. 70, n. 1, p. 2–19, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2021.2024404.

APA. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (DSM-V). 5. ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.

ASSUMPÇÃO JR., F. B.; KUCZYNSKI, E.; GABRIEL, M. R.; ROCCA, C. C. Escala de avaliação de traços autísticos (ATA): validade e confiabilidade de uma escala para a detecção de condutas artísticas. Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria, v. 57, n. 1, p. 23–29, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X1999000100005

BROOKE, J. SUS: A “quick and dirty” usability scale. Usability Eval. Ind.. 189. , 1995. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228593520_SUS_A_quick_and_dirty_usability_scale. Acesso em: 02 dez. 2023.

BVS, BIREME/OPAS/OMS. Portal do Modelo da BVS. Disponível em: http://bvsmodelo.bvsalud.org/. Acesso em: 10 mar. 2023.

CAPES. Quem somos. 2023. Disponível em: https://www-periodicos-capes-gov-br.ezl.periodicos.capes.gov.br/index.php/sobre/quem-somos.html. Acesso em: 19 mar. 2023.

CUNHA, R. Software AieLLo para crianças com autismo. 2015. Disponível em: https://especiaismomentos.com.br/2015/06/02/jogo-ajuda-na-educacao-de-criancas-com/. Acesso em: 28 nov. 2022.

CZAJECZNY, D.; JAROSZKIEWICZ, A.; DAROSZEWSKI, P.; KOPCZYŃSKI, P.; WARCHOŁ-BIEDERMANN, K.; PIGŁOWSKA, A.; SAMBORSKI, W.; WÓJCIAK, R. W.; MOJS, E. Application of Eye-tracking in research on the theory of mind in ASD. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, v. 26, n. 4, p. 1364–1373, 2022.

DE VRIES, L.; FOUQUAET, I.; BOETS, B.; NAULAERS, G.; STEYAERT, J. Autism spectrum disorder and pupillometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, v. 120, p. 479–508, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.032.

FREEMAN, D.; REEVE, S.; ROBINSON, A.; EHLERS, A.; CLARK, D.; SPANLANG, B.; SLATER, M. Realidade virtual na avaliação, compreensão e tratamento de transtornos de saúde mental. Medicina Psicológica, v. 47, n. 14, p. 2393-2400, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171700040X.

GOOD-KARMA-APPLICATIONS. First Then About. 2010. Disponível em: https://www.goodkarmaapplications.com/first-then-visual-schedule.html. Acesso em: 28 nov. 2022.

GOOGLE. Face landmark detection guide, 4 out. 2023. Disponível em: https://developers.google.com/mediapipe/solutions/vision/face_landmarker. Acesso em: 8 dez. 2023.

GOOGLE. Sobre o Google Acadêmico. Disponível em: https://scholar.google.com.br/intl/pt-BR/scholar/about.html. Acesso em: 19 mar. 2023.

HOWARD, P. L.; ZHANG, L.; BENSON, V. What Can Eye Movements Tell Us about Subtle Cognitive Processing Differences in Autism?. Vision (Basel, Switzerland), v. 3, n. 2, p. 22, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vision3020022.

IBGE. Censo Brasileiro de 2010. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2012.

IEEE. About IEEE Xplore. 2019.. Disponível em: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/#/overview-of-ieee-xplore/about-ieee-xplore. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2023

JADE-AUTISM. Jade Autism Sobre. 2018. Santa Lucia, Vitória, ES. Disponível em: https://jadeautism.com/. Acesso em: 28 nov. 2022.

KITCHENHAM, B.; BRERETON, O. P.; BUDGEN, D.; TURNER, M.; BAILEY, J.; LINKMAN S. Systematic literature reviews in software engineering - a systematic literature review. Inf. Softw. Technol., Butterworth-Heinemann, v. 51, n. 1, p. 7–15, jan. 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.009.

KUMAZAKI, H.; YOSHIKAWA, Y.; YOSHIMURA, Y.; IKEDA, T.; HASEGAWA, C.; SAITO, D. N.; TOMIYAMA, S.; AN, K.-M.; SHIMAYA, J.; ISHIGURO, H.; MATSUMOTO, Y.; MINABE, Y.; KIKUCHI, M. The impact of robotic intervention on joint attention in children with autism spectrum disorders. Molecular Autism, v. 9, p. 46, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0230-8.

LASKOWITZ, S.; GRIFFIN, J. W.; GEIER, C. F.; SCHERF, K. S. Cracking the Code of Live Human Social Interactions in Autism: A Review of the Eye-Tracking Literature. Proceedings of machine learning research, v. 173, p. 242–264, 2021.

LIKERT, R. A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes, no. No 136-165 in A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes, publisher not identified, 1932. Disponível em https://books.google.com.br/books?id=9rotAAAAYAAJ. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2023.

LIN, Y.; GU, Y.; XU, Y.; HOU, S.; DING, R.; NI, S. Autistic spectrum traits detection and early screening: A machine learning based eye movement study. Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing , v. 35, n. 1, p. 83–92, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12346.

LOSAPIO, M. F.; PONDÉ, M. P. Tradução para o português da escala M-CHAT para rastreamento precoce de autismo. Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, v. 30, n. 3, p. 221–229, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082008000400011

MALIHI, M.; NGUYEN, J.; CARDY, R. E.; ELDON, S.; PETTA, C.; KUSHKI, A. Short report: Evaluating the safety and usability of head-mounted virtual reality compared to monitor-displayed video for children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism: the international journal of research and practice, v. 24, n. 7, p. 1924–1929, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320934214.

MARTINS, Y. Softwares para o auxílio diagnóstico e de educação inclusiva. TEA no Dia a Dia. 19 ago. 2022. Disponível em: https://autismoerealidade.org.br/2022/08/19/softwares-para-o-auxilio-diagnostico-e-de-educacao-inclusiva/. Acesso em: 30 out. 2022.

META. React: The library for web and native user interfaces, 2013. Disponível em: https://react.dev/. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2023.

NAYAR, K.; SHIC, F.; WINSTON, M.; LOSH, M. A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype. Molecular autism, v. 13, n. 1, p. 18, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w.

NEUROSABER. Autismo: Como é a dificuldade no contato visual. 12 fev. 2021, Londrina-PR. Disponível em: https://institutoneurosaber.com.br/autismo-como-e-a-dificuldade-no-contato-visual/. Acesso em: 30 out. 2022.

NIELSEN, J. Usability Engineering. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-052029-2.50007-3

NPM. @react-three/drei, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@react-three/drei. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2023.

NPM. @react-three/fiber, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@react-three/fiber. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2023.

OLIVEIRA, C. Um retrato do autismo no Brasil. Espaço aberto, USP, ed. 170, 2016. Disponível em: http://www.usp.br/espacoaberto/?materia=um-retrato-do-autismo-no-brasil. Acesso em: 28 out. 2022.

OMS. ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE. Newsroom. Autism, World Health Organization. Newsroom, 30 March 2022 Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders. Acesso em: 16 out. 2022.

OPAS. Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Transtorno do espectro autista. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/topicos/transtorno-do-espectro-autista. Acesso em: 28 out. 2022.

PAPOUTSAKI, A.; GOKASLAN, A.; DE SMET, I.; KOO, X.; TOMPKIN, J.; HUANG, J., Webgazer.js: Democratizing Webcam Eye Tracking on the Browser. 2016. Disponível em: https://webgazer.cs.brown.edu/. Acesso em: 8 dez. 2023.

PICTOTEA. PictoTEA Utilizando la tecnología para la inclusión de personas con TEA. Buenos Aires, 2017. Disponível em: https://infopspecs.wixsite.com/app-pictotea. Acesso em: 28 nov. 2022.

PUBMED, NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (EUA). PubMed Overview, 2023. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2023.

PUTNAM, O. C.; SASSON, N.; PARISH-MORRIS, J.; HARROP, C. Effects of social complexity and gender on social and non-social attention in male and female autistic children: A comparison of four eye-tracking paradigms. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, v. 16, n. 2, p. 315–326, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2851.

ROBLES, M.; NAMDARIAN, N.; OTTO, J.; WASSILJEW, E.; NAVAB, N.; FALTER-WAGNER, C.; ROTH, D. A Virtual Reality Based System for the Screening and Classification of Autism. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, v. 28, n. 5, p. 2168–2178, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3150489

SCIELO. About SciELO Data, 6 set. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.org/en/about-scielo/scielo-data-en/about-scielo-data/. Acesso em: 19 mar. 2023.

SCIENCEDIRECT Inc., Explore scientific, technical, and medical research on ScienceDirect. 2004. Disponível em: www.sciencedirect.com. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2023.

SHIC, F.; NAPLES, A. J.; BARNEY, E. C.; CHANG, S. A.; LI, B. The autism biomarkers consortium for clinical trials: evaluation of a battery of candidate eye-tracking biomarkers for use in autism clinical trials. Molecular autism, v. 13, v. 1, p. 15, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00482-2.

SCHOPLER, E.; REICHLER, R.; RENNER, B. R. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). 10th ed. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services, 1988.

TAKAPY-DIGITAL-ART. Projeto AUTS, 2019. Disponível em: http://eusouauts.com/. Acesso em: 28 nov. 2022.

VACAS RUIZ, J. Early Differential Diagnosis in Infant Population with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Psychophysiological Markers Based on Eye Tracking Methodology. 2022. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade de Cordoba, Cordoba, 2022. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10396/22668. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2023.

VERCEL. Next.js: The React Framework for the Web, 2016. Disponível em: https://nextjs.org/. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2023.

WATHAN, A.; REININK, J.; HEMPHILL, D.; SCHOGER, S. Tailwind: Rapidly build modern websites without ever leaving your HTML. 2017. Disponível em: https://tailwindcss.com/. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2023.

WEN, T. H.; CHENG, A.; ANDREASON, C.; ZAHIRI, J.; XIAO, Y.; XU, R.; BAO, B.; COURCHESNE, E.; BARNES, C. C.; ARIAS, S. J.; PIERCE, K. Large scale validation of an early-age eye-tracking biomarker of an autism spectrum disorder subtype. Scientific reports, v. 12, n. 1, p. 4253, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08102-6.

YANEVA, V.; HA, L. A.; ERASLAN, S.; YESILADA, Y.; MITKOV, R. Detecting High-Functioning Autism in Adults Using Eye Tracking and Machine Learning. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering, v. 28, n. 6, p. 1254–1261, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2020.2991675.

ZEIDAN, J.; FOMBONNE, E.; SCORAH, J.; IBRAHIM, A.; DURKIN, M. S.; SAXENA, S.; YUSUF, A.; SHIH, A.; ELSABBAGH, M. Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update. Official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, Autism Research, v. 15, n. 5, p. 778-790, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2696

ZHAO, Z.; TANG, H.; ZHANG, X.; QU, X.; HU, X.; LU, J. Classification of Children With Autism and Typical Development Using Eye-Tracking Data From Face-to-Face Conversations: Machine Learning Model Development and Performance Evaluation. Journal of medical Internet research, v. 23, n. 8, p. e29328, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/29328.

ZUSTAND. Zustand Documentation, 2019. Disponível em: https://docs.pmnd.rs/zustand/getting-started/introduction. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2023.

Published

2024-06-27

How to Cite

SadiAVR - System for Autism Diagnostic Assistance with Virtual Reality. (2024). Colloquium Exactarum. ISSN: 2178-8332, 16(1), 1-15, e244829. https://journal.unoeste.br/index.php/ce/article/view/4829

Similar Articles

1-10 of 46

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.