COTTON PLANT (Gossipyum spp.) DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD ARE INFLUENCED BY SOIL COMPACTION: A REVIEW
Palavras-chave:
Aeration, Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., Hydrical Stress, Soil Physical PropertiesResumo
A exploração intensiva de solos cultivados resultou em degradação física, química e biológica à medida que a demanda por commodities agrícolas, incluindo o algodão, cresceu. As características físicas do solo são aquelas que estão diretamente ligadas ao fornecimento de água, nutrientes e ar, bem como ao estabelecimento de raízes para o bom desenvolvimento e rendimento das culturas agrícolas. Nesse contexto, a compactação do solo é um dos mais graves problemas ambientais causados pela agricultura convencional. O algodoeiro, altamente sensível ao estresse hídrico e à falta de aeração do solo, é diretamente impactado por esse tipo de degradação, que resulta na redução do desenvolvimento do sistema radicular, afetando a absorção de água e nutrientes e causando danos ao rendimento geral da planta e da lavoura. A compactação do solo demonstrou reduzir o rendimento do algodão em vários estudos; por exemplo, a maioria das regiões produtoras de algodão do sudeste dos Estados Unidos, que compõem a maior parte do 'cinturão de algodão' do país, têm solos compactados e 66 % dos produtores de algodão na Austrália foram afetados pela compactação do solo, enquanto outras pesquisas mostra uma perda de rendimento de 27 % para a cultura nestas condições. Por outro lado, a maioria dos estudos realizados em sistemas que visam reduzir a compactação do solo, tem mostrado que melhorias nas propriedades físicas do solo relacionadas à descompactação resultam em aumento da produtividade do algodoeiro.
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